Advisory opinions on climate change from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the International Court of Justice: contributions to countries' climate priorities and the implementation of NDCs from the perspective of maritime justice

The first issue of the series “Law of the Sea, Climate Change and Human Rights” is being presented at a decisive moment for international law and global climate action. This instalment brings together reflections on the convergence of these three essential regulatory frameworks, whose articulation has become more relevant since 2024 and 2025, based on the advisory opinions issued by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) and the International Court of Justice (ICJ). 

The purpose of the series is to deepen the understanding and practical application of the duties of States at the intersection of these three legal areas, articulating the obligations of guarantee, prevention, cooperation, and protection under a comprehensive view of environmental, climate, and marine justice.